O filme é baseado no livro de Margot Lee Shetterly que documentou as carreiras e as contribuições de Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan e Mary Jackson. By the time she arrived, the company cafeteria had already undergone de facto desegregation: Its “Colored Computers” sign, designating a table in the back for the women, had been a salubrious casualty of the war years. But for black children, the town’s segregated educational system went as far as only sixth grade. In 1951, Mrs. Vaughan became the first black section head at NACA, as the advisory committee was known, when she was officially placed in charge of Langley’s West Area Computing Unit, the segregated office to which the black women were relegated. [16] O impacto de seu legado pioneira para a ciência espacial e computação lhe rendeu diversas honrarias e medalhas, além de servir como modelo para outras estudantes. While the agency’s bathrooms for black employees were marked as such, many bathrooms for whites were unmarked. Mrs. Johnson’s colleague Mary Jackson died in 2005; Dorothy Vaughan died in 2008. Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility. Blog posts, videos, writing, giveaways, discussion groups, and events from all 326758 Goodreads authors. [7][8][11] Depois da formatura, ela se mudou para Marion, Virginia, para ensinar matemática, francês e música em uma escola de ensino infantil. “They didn’t have time to be concerned about what color I was.”, “I don’t have a feeling of inferiority,” Mrs. Johnson said on at least one occasion. After spending six years on the faculty of the Courant Institute , New York University , he joined the Computer Science Division and Mathematics Department at Berkeley in 1990, where he holds a joint appointment. [1] [2]Ela fez contribuições fundamentais para a aeronáutica e exploração espacial dos Estados Unidos, em especial em aplicações da computação na NASA.Conhecido pela precisão na navegação … It was in this unit that Katherine Goble began work in June 1953, tabulating sheets of data for the agency’s engineers. For some years at midcentury, the black women who worked as “computers” were subjected to a double segregation: Consigned to separate office, dining and bathroom facilities, they were kept separate from the much larger group of white women who also worked as NASA mathematicians. Experts had been expecting claims to total 800,000. As universidades estaduais seriam instituições para brancos e a universidade Lincoln deveria criar cursos para atender a negros. Em 1970, ela trabalhou na missão da Apollo 13. “I was never aggressive.” (As things transpired, Mrs. Johnson liked the finished film very much, Ms. Shetterly said in an interview for this obituary in 2017.). Of the black women at the center of the film, Mrs. Johnson was the only one still living at the time of its release. [1] [2], Ela fez contribuições fundamentais para a aeronáutica e exploração espacial dos Estados Unidos, em especial em aplicações da computação na NASA. Em 1939, Katherine se tornaria a primeira negra a se dissociar da graduação na Universidade da Virgínia Ocidental, em Morgantown e a única mulher entre três estudantes negros selecionados a integrar a graduação depois da decisão da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos, que decidiu separar as escolas e universidades para negros e brancos. Mrs. Johnson at her desk at Langley in an undated photo. (“Is there a law against it?” Mrs. Johnson asked, and when her male colleagues, after some head-scratching, concluded that, no, there was no law, they let her in.). By the early 1960s, with the United States provoked by Soviet prowess in space, NASA was under great pressure to launch an astronaut. ... AAS Johnson County Comm College. Mrs. Johnson, left, and her fellow former NASA scientist Christine Darden in 2016 at the Hampton History Museum in Virginia. Mrs. Johnson was one of several hundred rigorously educated, supremely capable yet largely unheralded women who, well before the modern feminist movement, worked as NASA mathematicians. She was one of a group of black women mathematicians at NASA and its predecessor who were celebrated in the 2016 movie “Hidden Figures.”. Katherine Johnson, 98, was a physicist and mathematician who helped launch the first use of digital electronic computers at NASA, the independent federal … [34], Johnson morreu no dia 24 de fevereiro de 2020, aos 101 anos.[35]. Os primeiros empregos que conseguiu eram para lecionar. She took a job as a schoolteacher in Marion, Va. Prime Video Channels is the Prime benefit that lets you choose your channels. Their story was told in the 2016 Hollywood film “Hidden Figures,” based on Margot Lee Shetterly’s nonfiction book of the same title, published that year. In old age, Mrs. Johnson became the most celebrated of the small cadre of black women — perhaps three dozen — who at midcentury served as mathematicians for the space agency and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. “I loved every single day of it,” she told Ms. Shetterly. ... Mary Katherine Johnson 08 Nov 1847 Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA - … Regent’s faculty come to us from all over the world with experience matched only by the accolades they have received. Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson (White Sulphur Springs, 26 de agosto de 1918 – 24 de fevereiro de 2020) foi uma matemática, física e cientista espacial norte-americana. Explore Life Stories, Offer Condolences & Send Flowers. Katherine cantou no coro da igreja presbiteriana Carver por cinquenta anos e era membro da sororidade Alpha Kappa Alpha. Mr. Coleman remained in White Sulphur Springs to farm, and, when the Depression made farming untenable, to work as a bellman at the Greenbrier, a world-renowned resort there. Assim que a missão foi abortada, Katherine trabalhou nos procedimentos de backup e nas cartas que auxiliaram o retorno em segurança dos astronautas para a Terra, quatro dias depois. Henson. The movie starred Taraji P. Henson as Mrs. Johnson, the film’s central figure. But after that summer session, on discovering she was pregnant with her first child, she withdrew from the university. It helped sustain her through the death of her first husband from brain cancer in 1956, leaving her, at 38, a widow with three adolescent daughters. Caso não houvesse cursos, outras universidades deveriam atender aos alunos.[8][12]. A família dividia seu tempo entre os estudos durante o ano e o verão em Sulphur Springs. She is survived by two daughters, Joylette Hylick and Katherine Moore; six grandchildren; and 11 great-grandchildren. Creola Katherine Johnson, nata Coleman, conosciuta anche come Katherine Goble (White Sulphur Springs, 26 agosto 1918 – Hampton, 24 febbraio 2020), è stata una matematica, informatica e fisica statunitense.. Contribuì allo sviluppo dell'aeronautica statunitense e ai programmi spaziali, già dal primo utilizzo dei computer elettronici digitali da parte della NASA. Get list of ABC News authors, bloggers and journalists. In 2016, Mrs. Johnson, self-effacing as ever at 98, seemed somewhat indifferent to the fuss surrounding the feature film about her life. They asked Katherine Johnson for the moon, and she gave it to them. “I still remembered mine.”. Johnson was born on February 1, 1948, in Buffalo, New York, to Mabel (née Sims) and James Ambrose Johnson Sr. “As NASA got ready to put someone in space, they needed to know what the launch conditions were. To the end of her life, Mrs. Johnson deflected praise for her role in sending astronauts into space, keeping them on course and bringing them safely home. “If she says the numbers are good,” he declared, “I’m ready to go.”, Katherine Johnson Dies at 101; Mathematician Broke Barriers at NASA. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. But it was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung: Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson, a West Virginia native who began her scientific career in the age of Jim Crow, was also African-American. After graduating summa cum laude in 1937 with a double major in mathematics and French, she found, unsurprisingly, that research opportunities for black female teenage mathematicians were negligible. Yet throughout Mrs. Johnson’s 33 years in NASA’s Flight Research Division — the office from which the American space program sprang — and for decades afterward, almost no one knew her name. Sua habilidade e reputação por precisão em cálculos deu confiança aos colegas para trabalhar com a nova tecnologia. “That,” he replied, “will be your problem.”. Mais tarde, Katherine ainda trabalharia no programa dos ônibus espaciais, nos satélites de observação terrestres e na futura missão a Marte. Wielding little more than a pencil, a slide rule and one of the finest mathematical minds in the country, Mrs. Johnson, who died at 101 on Monday at a retirement home in Newport News, Va., calculated the precise trajectories that would let Apollo 11 land on the moon in 1969 and, after Neil Armstrong’s history-making moonwalk, let it return to Earth. In January 2017 “Hidden Figures” received the Screen Actors Guild Award for outstanding performance by a cast in a motion picture. Thus, every fall, Joshua Coleman moved his family 125 miles away to Institute, W.Va. Cancel anytime. Over the years, Mrs. Johnson published more than two dozen technical papers. Two years earlier, ruling in the civil-rights case Missouri ex rel. Katherine optou pela matemática, com interesse em pesquisa na área, um caminho com muitas portas fechadas para negras na época. For that task, as she quickly demonstrated, she came armed with an invaluable asset. Her mother was a schoolteacher, her father a farmer. Ela continuou a encorajar estudantes a perseguir suas carreiras em ciência e tecnologia. Heather James Fine Art includes a global network of galleries in New York City, San Francisco, Palm Desert, Montecito, Jackson Hole and consultancies worldwide. “You would make a good research mathematician,” he told his 17-year-old charge. [31], Em março de 2016, começaram as finalizações do filme Hidden Figures, que foi lançado em 2017, sobre três cientistas negras da NASA que calcularam as trajetórias de voo do Projeto Mercury e do Apollo 11 nos anos 1960. Mrs. Johnson at NASA’s Langley Research Center in 1980. James Drone Sr Enterprise Desktop … Em 1959, Katherine se casou com o tenente-coronel James A. Johnson e continuou sua carreira na NASA. He asked that Mrs. Johnson double-check the machine’s figures by hand. In 2017, NASA dedicated a building in her honor, the Katherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility, at its Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va. That year, The Washington Post described her as “the most high-profile of the computers” — “computers” being the term originally used to designate Mrs. Johnson and her colleagues, much as “typewriters” was used in the 19th century to denote professional typists. “I couldn’t wait to get to high school to take algebra and geometry,” Mrs. Johnson told The Associated Press in 1999. The white women in turn were segregated from the agency’s male mathematicians and engineers. The next year, she likewise helped make it possible for John Glenn, in the Mercury vessel Friendship 7, to become the first American to orbit the Earth. Another daughter, Connie Garcia, died in 2010; her second husband, James Johnson, died in 2019. She remained in the division for the rest of her career. Most, unlike the male scientists at the agency, were classified as subprofessionals, paid less than their male counterparts. After retiring from NASA, Mrs. Johnson became a public advocate for mathematics education, speaking widely and visiting schools. [23][24][25][26][27][28] Desde 1979, antes de se aposentar da NASA, sua biografia tem lugar de destaque entre a lista de negros pioneiros em ciência e tecnologia. Conhecido pela precisão na navegação astronômica informatizada, seu trabalho de liderança técnica na NASA se estendeu por décadas onde ela calculava as trajetórias, janelas de lançamento e caminhos de retorno de emergência para muitos voos de Projeto Mercury, incluindo as primeiras missões da NASA de John Glenn, Alan Shepard, o voo da Apollo 11, em 1969, à Lua e trabalho contínuo por meio do programa dos ônibus espaciais e sobre os planos iniciais para a missão a Marte. “You had to read Aviation Week to find out what you’d done.”. The trajectory had been generated by a computer — not the flesh-and-blood kind, but the electronic sort, which were starting to supplant the agency’s human calculators. Find links to their bio, social media links and stories. Her death was announced by NASA. Lori A. William James Johnson 06 Dec 1766 Cooperstown, Otsego, New York ... 31 Oct 1969 managed by Jim Boylan. Jim Rogers (105) Charlie Luken (104) Mark Clement (104) Phil Castellini (104) George W. Bush (103) Jim Sluzewski (102) Steve Leeper (102) Garren Colvin (101) … NASA/Donaldson Collection, via Getty Images. An index of just how esteemed she was came from Mr. Glenn, Mercury astronaut and future United States senator, who died in 2016. Sua mãe era ex-professora. There, the only black member of the staff, she helped calculate the aerodynamic forces on airplanes. “The greatest challenge she faced,” Ms. Shetterly wrote, “was finding a course that didn’t duplicate Dr. Claytor’s meticulous tutelage.”. Katherine Johnson, part of a small group of African-American women mathematicians who did crucial work at NASA, in 1966. [18][19] Katherine plotou cartas de navegação, orientando naves pelas estrelas em caso de falha eletrônica e, em 1962, verificou os primeiros cálculos de computador da órbita de John Glenn ao redor da Terra. Em uma reunião de família, um parente mencionou que a NACA, que viria a se tornar a NASA, estava com processo seletivo aberto para mulheres, em especial negras, para seu departamento de navegação. [21], Em seguida, Katherine trabalhou com computadores digitais, tais como os conhecemos hoje. Now married to James Francis Goble, a chemistry teacher, she entered West Virginia University in the summer of 1940, studying advanced mathematics. “Where will I find a job?” Katherine asked. Katherine formou-se, no ensino médio, aos 14 anos. “Our assignment was the trajectory,” Mrs. Johnson explained to The Associated Press. 1936–1952 - professora rural na Virgínia e em West Virginia, nos ensinos infantil e médio; 1952–1953 - professora substituta de matemática em escolas públicas em Newport News, Virgínia; 1953–1958 - matemática no Centro Langley de Pesquisa, em Hampton, Virginia, com a NACA; 1958–1986 - técnica aeroespacial no Centro Langley de Pesquisa, em Hampton, Virginia, com a NASA. Their work was secret — at times even from the mathematicians themselves. [20] Glenn pediu por ela pessoalmente para verificar os números de seu computador de bordo e se recusou a voar até que ela fizesse a verificação. “We were the pioneers of the space era,” Mrs. Johnson told The Daily Press, a Virginia newspaper, in 1990. In early 1962, a few days before he prepared to orbit the Earth in Friendship 7, Mr. Glenn made a final check of his planned orbital trajectory. In 1940, she was chosen by the president of West Virginia State to be one of three black graduate students to integrate West Virginia University, the all-white institution in Morgantown. [32], Em 5 de maio de 2016, a nova Instalação Katherine G. Johnson de Pesquisa em Computação foi formalmente dedicada pela agência no Centro Langley de Pesquisa, em Hampton, Virginia, no aniversário de 55 anos do voo histórico de Alan Shepard em seu foguete, que Katherine tornou possível. Katherine Johnson, part of a small group of African-American women mathematicians who did crucial work at NASA, in 1966. The film was nominated for three Oscars, including best picture. She routinely logged 16-hour days, once falling asleep at the wheel of her car and waking up — safe, providentially — at the side of the road. Gaines v. Canada 305 U.S. 337 (1938)», “Oral History Archive: Katherine Johnson”, “She Was a Computer When Computers Wore Skirts”, «On Being a Black Female Math Whiz During the Space Race», «Katherine Johnson:The Girl Who Loved to Count», «Conheça as cientistas negras por trás de "Estrelas Além do Tempo" | EXAME.com - Negócios, economia, tecnologia e carreira», “Mop Top” the “Hip Hop” Scientist Celebrates African-Americans in the Sciences: Katherine G. Johnson, “black history... katherine g johnson (1918 – retired)”, “Katherine G. Johnson: Physicist, Space Scientist, Mathematician”, “BLACK CONTRIBUTORS TO SCIENCE AND ENERGY TECHNOLOGY”, «Honoring NASA's Katherine Johnson, STEM Pioneer», «NASA Dedicates Facility to Mathematician, Presidential Medal Winner», «The Untold History of Women in Science and Technology», «Katherine Johnson, 'hidden figure' at NASA during 1960s space race, dies at 101», "Obama honoring Spielberg, Streisand and more with medal of freedom,", Live, Learn, Pursue Passion – NASA Mathematician preps Class of 2006 to find its mission, African-American Registry, August 26, Katherine G. Johnson, The Untold History of Women in Science and Technology, https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Johnson&oldid=59265566, Engenheiros aeroespaciais dos Estados Unidos, Matemáticos dos Estados Unidos do século XX, Matemáticos dos Estados Unidos do século XXI, !Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN, !Biografias que carecem de local de morte, Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 3.0 Não Adaptada (CC BY-SA 3.0) da Creative Commons, contribuições técnicas fundamentais para o avanço da aeronáutica e exploração espacial. James Dewey Watson KBE (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist.In 1953, he co-authored with Francis Crick the academic paper proposing the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.Watson, Crick and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure … Then, in 1952, Katherine Goble heard that Langley was hiring black women as mathematicians. 1999 - West Virginia State College - aluno excelente do ano; 1998 - doutorado honorário em direito do, 1986 - NASA - Centro Langley de Pesquisa - Special Achievement award, 1985 - NASA - Centro Langley de Pesquisa - Special Achievement award, 1984 - NASA - Centro Langley de Pesquisa - Special Achievement award, 1980 - NASA - Centro Langley de Pesquisa - Special Achievement award, 1971 - NASA - Centro Langley de Pesquisa - Center Special Achievement award. Katherine ainda trabalhou para a seção de Controles aeroespaciais, onde calculou a trajetória de voo de Alan Shepard,[16][17] o primeiro norte-americano no espaço, em 1959.

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