On some occasions they were taken down just before their death and quartered (cut into four pieces) so that the pain would kill them, a most cruel way to die. It is the maximum punishment possible to be imposed on a criminal. Usually done to maximize the profit of organization. The common denominator for this type of crime is it damages the economy of a country – Nigeria in this case, and can even put the country at risk of entering a recession. Extensive research in the field of psychology has examined the effectiveness of punishment contingencies. This punishment can be imposed in extreme cases and rarely that too in extremely grave crimes. https://online.pointpark.edu/criminal-justice/types-of-criminal-punishment Punishment: Seven years imprisonment with or without fine. Capital Punishment; Aims of Punishment. Robert Peel's Gaols Act of 1823 introduced regular visits to prisoners by chaplains, provided for the payment of jailers and prohibited the use of irons and manacles. Punishment of Crime. Types of punishment The effects of punishment have been studied in several contexts, including child rearing, human resource management, and criminology. Protection – To protect society from the criminal and to also protect the criminal from causing further harm. The Renaissance is considered the rebirth after the middle ages, which was known for its various types of torture.  The Renaissance: Crime & Punishment. There are many of such crimes. Thus the capital punishment means “removal of head”, “death penalty” or “beheading”. What is a crime? Though the Renaissance was not as cruel, the penalty for crimes are still considered one of the harshest in history. Pentonville prison opened in 1842, beginning a trend of ever increasing incarceration rates and the use of prison as the primary form of crime punishment. Equality of protection under the law implies that in the administration of criminal justice no person shall be subject to any greater or different punishment than another in similar circumstances.1648 Comparative gravity of criminal offenses is, however, largely a matter of state discretion, and the fact that some offenses are punished with less severity than others … Crime and Punishment. Essential constituents of a crime are: •An act or omission forbidden or commanded by law. The Court has confessed that its “cases are not entirely clear as to whether more specific guidance is in fact required” for delegations relating to the imposition of criminal sanctions.171 It is clear, however, that some essence of the power to define crimes and set a range of punishments is not delegable, but must be exercised by Congress. Corporal punishment –Punishment involving beating, whipping or mutilation Bridewell –Early prison/ house of correction Transportation –punishment involving taking someone to another country to do hard labour for 7-14 years. •Wrong doer punished only after following a procedure established by law. Gaol-Old fashioned spelling of jail Separate system –Prison system where prisoners were isolated from each other. A punishment contingency consists of administering a punisher or an aversive stimulus Crime done by large organization rather than any one individual. This punishment occupies topmost position among the grades of punishments. In fact, in a sign of just how unequally women were treated at the time, this type of crime was actually considered more heinous than other types of murder and branded ‘petty treason’. Tax evasion, pipeline vandalism and so much more. Revenge/An Eye for an Eye) Deterrence – Punishment designed to put other criminals off from committing the crime. •Violation prevented by sanction of punishment. Retribution – Making the Criminal pay for what they have done. General public, employee and other organizations can be victimized by this kind of crime. (e.g. Crime against general public, price fixing, sale of unsafe product and polluting the environment. The harsher the crime the more horrendous the punishment, If a man committed Rape, Manslaughter or Robbery they would be hung up in a cage so people could see their slow death. Hanging was the usual punishment for serious crime, including murder, in Tudor England but it could often be a messy affair.

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